A Comparative Study on Teachers’ Perceptions Towards Principal’s Instructional Leadership According to Their Demographics in Ush Private School, Mandalay, Myanmar

The main purpose of this study was to identify the demographic profiles of teachers, to determine Teachers’ Perceptions towards Principal’s Instructional Leadership, and to compare Teachers’ Perceptions towards Principal’s Instructional Leadership at USH private School Mandalay according to their gender, age, educational background and work-experiences in 2017. A total of 53 teachers (23 male and 30 female) from USH private school Mandalay completed the questionnaire, it was designed to identify the Teachers’demographics and their perceptions towards principal’s Instructional Leadership. The questionnaire was adopted from Murphy & Hallinger (1985) Principal’s Instructional Management Range Scale (PIMRS). This research study was designed as a quantitative and comparative study. The data from this research was analyzed by frequency & percentage, mean and standard deviation, Independent Sample t-test and One-Way ANOVA. The study found that the level of Teachers’ Perceptions towards Principal’s Instructional Leadership was moderate. At the significance level .05, there were no significant differences on Teachers’Perceptions towards Principal’s Instructional Leadership according to their gender, age, Educational background and work-experiences in USH private school Mandalay, Myanmar. This research study would give valuable insight into the role of Instructional Leadership support in shaping teachers, principal and teacher-principal relationship, student achievement and school improvement. It recommended that the Principal must involve his/her Instructional Leadership management on teachers and students such as protecting Instructional time, communicating school goals, monitoring student progress

Design and fabrication of multi-fingered lines and antenna

Master'sMASTER OF ENGINEERIN

Study on Rust Characterization and Prediction of Atmospheric Corrosion Rates for Structural Steels in Yangon (Myanmar)

According to Fontana, “Corrosion is defined as the deterioration of a material because of reaction with its environment”. The present study is performed to get the behaviour of rust characterization and to predict long term atmospheric corrosion rates of structural steels in Yangon, Myanmar. Three types of structural steel (Type A, Type B and Type C) samples which are commonly used in Myanmar are exposed outdoors according to BS EN ISO 8565. They are removed one month periods, and their mass losses are determined according to ISO 8407 in Yangon Technological University. At the same time, environmental parameters of the test site are monitored. Rust characterization of structural steels is determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) results in University Research Centre (Yangon University, Myanmar). From SEM results, Type A and Type B steels have nearly the same image controlled by β-FeOOH which can increase long term corrosion, whereas Type C steel has controlled by γ-FeOOH. A prediction model is developed using SPSS software to understand the main factors which cause the atmospheric corrosion, and it is found that the atmospheric corrosion in Yangon depends mainly on the time of wetness (TO

Використання комбінованого гравітаційного спуску деревини на схилах Карпат

The problems of wood trawling during forest development in mountainous terrain, in particular on the slopes of the Carpathians are considered. The defects of trailing by traditional mechanisms – skidding tractors and cable installations are analyzed. The possibility of use for gravitational hauling down of wood on the slopes of the Carpathians of plastic tray systems is substantiated. The disadvantages of using such technology are noted, including the problems that arise during long-deck logs. To solve the problem of launching long-range assortments, it is proposed to use a combined gravitational hauling down. Its essence lies in the fact that short-range assemblies are supposed to be lowered through a plastic tray system, and long-term – with the help of a one-piece cart, which rests on the support self-steering wheel. It moves along the tray and in this case the existing tray system will serve as a guide element that directs the trolley movement in the appropriate direction. The supporting self-steering wheel must be such that as much as possible fill the section of the tray and thereby minimize its transverse movements, making it impossible 'to climb' the wheel from the guide trolley. The harvesting of wood to the tray takes place with the help of a moped with synthetic rope, which is quite convenient and efficient in operation. An option is also available for collecting wood and using horses or various mechanisms. The wood is packed in packs along the tray separately, long-term and separately short-circuited. After hauling down short-term assortments, in a pre-installed tray, they begin to descend a long timber with a trolley. Hauling down begins from the bottom of the slope. The cart is taken to a long-term package with the help of a motorbike. It is held at the top of the slope by a mechanical brake installed on the wheel chassis of the trolley as well as by means of a retaining rope. After loading the cart, and fastening the load on it, the trolley is hauled down the slope, adjusting its movement by holding the rope. At the bottom of the slope, on the landing platform, the trolley is unloaded and retrieved again on a slope to a package of long-range assortments. Then the cycle repeats itself.Розглянуто проблеми трелювання деревини під час лісорозробок у гірській місцевості, зокрема на схилах Карпат. Проаналізовано недоліки трелювання традиційними механізмами – трелювальними тракторами та канатними установками. Обґрунтовано можливість використання для гравітаційного спуску деревини на схилах Карпат пластикових лоткових систем. Зазначено недоліки застосування такої технології, зокрема проблеми, що виникають під час спуску довгомірних колод. Для вирішення проблеми спуску довгомірних сортиментів запропоновано застосувати комбінований гравітаційний спуск. Його суть полягає в тому, що короткомірні сортименти можна спускати по пластиковій лотковій ситемі, а довгомірні – за допомогою одновісного візка, що опирається на опорне самокерівне колесо. Воно рухається по лотку і в цьому випадку наявна лоткова система слугуватиме напрямним елементом, який скеровує рух візка у відповідному напрямку. Опорне самокерівне колесо повинно бути таким, щоб максимально заповнити переріз лотка і цим самим звести до мінімуму його поперечні рухи, унеможливлюючи вискакування колеса із напрямного лотка. Для завантаження візка передбачається встановити на нього завантажувальну систему, яку розробили науковці кафедри ЛПВ ЛД НЛТУ України, що захищена патентом. Після завантаження візка та закріплення на ньому вантажу, візок спускають вниз по схилу, регулюючи його рух утримувальним канатом. Внизу схилу, на наватажувальному майданчику, візок розвантажують і витягують знову на схил до пакету довгомірних сортиментів. Потім цикл повторюють

Study on Wind Flow Behaviours of High Rise Buildings with CFD Simulation

Wind distribution flows are very important for designer to develop new urban planning and new design buildings. The aim of this paper research was to investigate wind flow behaviours around the buildings cluster.  Present work used a three dimensional scale down model of buildings where transient flow analysis was done. CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation is the main research method to investigate the wind environment around building complexes. Numerical investigation of air flow pattern around a cluster of existing high rise structures located in Mandalay city was carried out. It has been implemented through ANSYS Fluent 17.0 using SIMPLE algorithm as solver. Standard k- ɛ model was used for turbulence modelling. The inflow Basic Wind Speed in Mandalay is 80 mph. The inflow wind velocity profile with height is computed by power law equation and imposed by UDF (C+ program). This simulation was carried out to study the effect of wind directions on velocity distribution around the structures and wind pressure coefficient on the face of the L shape building. Analysis was performed at eight wind directions such as N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W and NW. In these simulation results, high stream line velocities are especially entering into the east side of the Condo A building as obstacles on the wind pathway from the interval between Tower building and L-shape building. When wind strikes building, causing a positive pressure zone to be formed on the windward face and a negative pressure zone is created at the sides and leeward face of the building

Clinical Profile of Intermediate Syndrome in Organophosphate Poisoning

Organophosphate (OP) poisoning is a major global health problem, causing over 200,000 deaths annually especially in developing countries. In Poison Treatment Center, New Yangon General Hospital, Myanmar, OP poisoning accounts for 14% of total poison admission in 2013, 17% in 2014 and 10.3% in 2015 respectively

Comparative Study on Atmospheric Corrosivity of Under Shelter Exposure in Yangon and Mandalay (Myanmar)

Corrosion is a degrading process and it is the main degradation problem in building industry around the world. This study emphasises on the corrosivity classification of studied areas and discusses long term prediction for thickness loss of carbon steel and weathering steel under shelter condition. Two locations, Yangon and Mandalay, are selected as study areas in Myanmar. Corrosion rates are measured after one year exposure. The pollutant data of sulphur dioxide and chloride deposition rates are measured according to JIS Z 2382 and the meteorological data are collected by Easy USB data logger. The corrosion rate is classified based on ISO 9223 by evaluating the important atmospheric variables, such as time of wetness, CL- and SO2. The classes of sulphur dioxide and chloride deposition rate can be seen low level for both areas and Time of Wetness (TOW) can be seen τ4 for Yangon and τ3 for Mandalay.So, according to ISO 9223, the corrosivity category for Yangon area is C3 and that for Mandalay area is C2-C3. The actual mass loss for weathering steel is a little more than that of carbon steel in Yangon and adverse condition can be seen in Mandalay after one year period. Then the future corrosion rates of studied areas are discussed based on long time test results from JFE Steel Corporation, Japan. From this, weathering steel is suitable when chloride deposition rate is less than or equal to 0.05 mdd because of its protective properties

The latest Ordovician Hirnantia brachiopod fauna of Myanmar: Significance of new data from the Mandalay Region

A new, latest Ordovician brachiopod fauna is systematically described from the Hwe Mawng Purple Shale Member (Hirnantian) of the Naungkangyi Group of the Pa-thin area, Mandalay Region, Myanmar, revealing one of the most diverse representatives of the typical Hirnantia Fauna. Rhynchonelliformean, craniiformean and linguliformean brachiopods studied belong to 23 genera and a few indeterminate taxa, among which the most abundant genus Kinnella, along with the four common genera (Paromalomena, Pseudopholidops, Fardenia, and Dalmanella), and other genera (such as Cliftonia, Draborthis, Hindella, Hirnantia, Leptaena, Mirorthis, Plectothyrella, Skenidioides, and Xenocrania) are recorded for the first time. This high diversity Hirnantia Fauna represents an ecological differentiation within the benthos of the Sibumasu Terrane during the end Ordovician global crisis. The palaeoeco-unit named herein as the Kinnella-Paromalomena Association is assigned to lower BA3. This paper includes a taxonomic revision with the following conclusions: 1) Sinomena Zeng et al. and Yichangomena Zeng et al. are treated as junior synonyms of Eostropheodonta Bancroft; 2) Hubeinomena Zeng et al. is regarded as a juvenile form of Coolinia Bancroft; 3) Paramirorthis Zeng et al. is considered an immature growth stage of Mirorthis Zeng; 4) Shanomena Cocks and Fortey is treated as a junior synonym of Paromalomena Rong; 5) Scenidium? medlicotti Reed is redesignated as the type species of Kinnella Bergström to replace Hirnantia? kielanae Temple. The distribution of the Hirnantia Fauna in Myanmar, Thailand and western Yunnan of the Sibumasu Terrane highlights the distinctive nature of the Mandalay fauna, and the analyses of the Hirnantia Fauna and others of Sibumasu shows that Sibumasu was not located far from the South China and Lhasa palaeoplates during late Middle and Late Ordovician

Assessment of HIV testing among young methamphetamine users in Muse, Northern Shan State, Myanmar

Background Methamphetamine (MA) use has a strong correlation with risky sexual behaviors, and thus may be triggering the growing HIV epidemic in Myanmar. Although methamphetamine use is a serious public health concern, only a few studies have examined HIV testing among young drug users. This study aimed to examine how predisposing, enabling and need factors affect HIV testing among young MA users. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2013 in Muse city in the Northern Shan State of Myanmar. Using a respondent-driven sampling method, 776 MA users aged 18-24 years were recruited. The main outcome of interest was whether participants had ever been tested for HIV. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression were applied in this study. Results Approximately 14.7% of young MA users had ever been tested for HIV. Significant positive predictors of HIV testing included predisposing factors such as being a female MA user, having had higher education, and currently living with one’s spouse/sexual partner. Significant enabling factors included being employed and having ever visited NGO clinics or met NGO workers. Significant need factors were having ever been diagnosed with an STI and having ever wanted to receive help to stop drug use. Conclusions Predisposing, enabling and need factors were significant contributors affecting uptake of HIV testing among young MA users. Integrating HIV testing into STI treatment programs, alongside general expansion of HIV testing services may be effective in increasing HIV testing uptake among young MA users

Comprehensive Comparison of the Performance of Autogenous Brachial-Basilic Transposition Arteriovenous Fistula and Prosthetic Forearm Loop Arteriovenous Graft in a Multiethnic Asian Hemodialysis Population

Aim. For patients who have exhausted cephalic vein arteriovenous fistula (AVF) options, controversy exists on whether brachialbasilic AVF with transposition (BBTAVF) or a forearm arteriovenous graft (AVG) should be the next vascular access of choice. This study compared the outcomes of these two modalities. Methods. A retrospective study of 122 Asian multiethnic patients who underwent either a BBTAVF (81) or an AVG (41). Maturation time and intervention rates were analyzed. Functional primary, secondary, and overall patency rates were evaluated. Results. The maturation time for BBTAVFs was significantly longer than AVGs. There was also a longer deliberation time before surgeons abandon a failing BBTAVF compared to an AVG. Both functional primary and secondary patency rates were significantly higher in the BBTAVF group at 1-year follow-up: 73.2% versus 34.1% ( < 0.001) and 71.8% versus 54.3% ( = 0.022), respectively. AVGs also required more interventions to maintain patency. When maturation rates were considered, the overall patency of AVGs was initially superior in the first 25 weeks after creation and then became inferior afterwards. Conclusion. BBTAVFs had superior primary and functional patency and required less salvage interventions. The forearm AVG might have a role in patients who require early vascular access due to complications from central venous catheters or with limited life expectancy